Assessment of Women and Children Vulnerability to Water Use in Low-Income Urban Area of Agbowo Community, Ibadan, Nigeria
Tosin Kolajo Gbadegesin,
Olawale Emmanuel Olayide
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 2, December 2019
Pages:
29-34
Received:
17 May 2019
Accepted:
20 June 2019
Published:
20 December 2019
Abstract: One of the challenges of urbanization is the increasing vulnerability to quality water supply among households. Low-income urban households lack access to portable water and therefore have to supplement their limited supply with water from sources such as streams, rivers and wells. Whereas when water is available, the quantity is decreasing, and the quality is also compromised mainly due to high population growth accompanied by inadequate infrastructures and poor waste disposal practices. With children and women being most vulnerable to water challenges, the study examined the impacts of water shortages on women and children, investigated the effect of water supply on health outcome of children and looked into effect of water supply challenges on economic productivity of women in low-income urban area of Agbowo Community. The study collected both qualitative and quantitative data. Quantitative data was collected using KOBO collect software – an android-based application for collecting data while qualitative data was collected by employing Key Informant Interviews (KII). Statistical computations were carried out using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) software. A confidence level of 99% was used and p-values ≤ 0.01 was considered statistically significant. The study noted that 74.4% of the respondents reported children and teenagers <18 years old are tasked with the responsibility of getting water for their household while 74% reported the occurrence of physical deformity as a result of the weight of the water. The study recommended that households should take the responsibility of getting water off children that are too tender and suggested special needs women such as pregnant women and nursing mothers should be put into consideration in development of water supply facilities.
Abstract: One of the challenges of urbanization is the increasing vulnerability to quality water supply among households. Low-income urban households lack access to portable water and therefore have to supplement their limited supply with water from sources such as streams, rivers and wells. Whereas when water is available, the quantity is decreasing, and t...
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Investigation into the Combustion Related Properties of Briquettes Produced from Triplochiton scleroxylon, Terminalia superba and Afezilia africana
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 2, December 2019
Pages:
35-38
Received:
19 April 2019
Accepted:
3 June 2019
Published:
25 December 2019
Abstract: This study investigated the combustion related properties of briquette for energy generation. Wood briquettes were successfully produced from air-dried sawdust of three wood species (Terminalia superba, Triplochiton scleroxylon and Afzelia africana) that were collected from Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria (FRIN) sawmill. The briquettes were produced at 66% weight of binder to wood. Combustion related properties of the briquettes viz: heating value, water boiling test, percentage volatile matter, percentage ash content and percentage fixed carbon were determined. The results show that briquettes made from Afezila africana boiled waterfaster than others as the result ranged from 3:59 min:sec for Afezila Africana to 5.02 min:sec for Triplochiton scleroxylon. Briquettes produced from Afezila africana has the highest calorific value of 32268.50 kcal/kg followed by Terminalia superba with 26267.16 kcal/kg while Triplochiton scleroxylon has the least calorific value. The analysis of variance showed that there was significant difference in % fixed carbon, % ash content and the heat of combustion. The use of wood residue for briquette production should be encouraged this would provide employment for the people and reduce deforestation by optimizing efficient use of exploited trees.
Abstract: This study investigated the combustion related properties of briquette for energy generation. Wood briquettes were successfully produced from air-dried sawdust of three wood species (Terminalia superba, Triplochiton scleroxylon and Afzelia africana) that were collected from Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria (FRIN) sawmill. The briquettes were ...
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Pixel Value Graphical Password Scheme: Compatibility of K-means Clustering Algorithm as Pixel Value Password Fault Tolerance Mechanism
Mohd Afizi Mohd Shukran,
Mohd Sidek Fadhil Mohd Yunus,
Muhammad Naim Abdullah,
Mohd Nazri Ismail,
Mohammad Adib Khairuddin,
Kamaruzaman Maskat,
Mohd Rizal Mohd Isa,
Norshahriah Abdul Wahab,
Mohd Fahmi Mohamad Amran
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 2, December 2019
Pages:
39-44
Received:
13 December 2019
Published:
6 January 2020
Abstract: In September 2018, the patent for pixel value graphical password scheme was granted in Malaysia. The graphical password scheme was designed to reduce the complexity of previously developed graphical password scheme where a user only requires to load their personal image as password instead of complex graphical challenge during authentication. As the guardian of digital access, Pixel Value Access Control was highly invincible from password pixel forgery attack where a little bit different pixel value derived from loaded image will deny the access. Only the original enrolled image from a registered user can be recognized by Pixel Value Access Control to authenticate the respective username. That fact makes the graphical password scheme is a trusted access control mechanism but, on the other hand, it makes users bound with the only original password pixel image file. Thus, Pixel Value Access Control need to be installed the pixel value fault tolerance mechanism where it could allow users to acquire their password pixel image file from various storage media. The clustering technique was suggested to solve this issue where it allows an altered pixel password being recognized as the same group of the original pixel password. There are number of clustering algorithms developed for various purposed and application of digital image clustering. K-Means algorithm is one the partition-based clustering algorithm that found to be the simplest and fastest clustering algorithm as suggested by many researchers. This paper is mainly to exhibit the selection of K-Means clustering algorithm became the crucial algorithm for Pixel Value Access Control password pixel fault tolerance algorithm. Background of this topic was briefly explained in introduction section, the implementation of K-Means algorithm as Pixel Value Access Control fault tolerance was elaborate in section 2 and followed by validation of the implementation in section 3. At the end of this paper, there is conclusion for this study and followed by list of references.
Abstract: In September 2018, the patent for pixel value graphical password scheme was granted in Malaysia. The graphical password scheme was designed to reduce the complexity of previously developed graphical password scheme where a user only requires to load their personal image as password instead of complex graphical challenge during authentication. As th...
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